|
Published Articles >> Table of Contents >> Abstract
February 2007 (Vol. 18, No. 2)
pp. 277-288
VMNet: Realistic Emulation of Wireless Sensor Networks
Hejun Wu, IEEE
Qiong Luo
Pei Zheng, IEEE
Lionel M. Ni, IEEE
Full Article Text:
   
DOI Bookmark: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TPDS.2007.33
Send link to a friend
| Abstract |
|
Abstract—Many research activities on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) need detailed performance statistics about protocols, systems, and applications; however, current simulation tools and testbeds lack mechanisms to report these statistics realistically and conveniently. To address this need, we have developed a WSN emulator, VMNet. VMNet emulates networked sensor nodes at the level of CPU clock cycles and executes the binary code of real applications directly. It emulates the radio channel with loss and noise as well as emulates the peripherals in sufficient detail. Moreover, VMNet takes parameter values from the real world and logs detailed runtime information of emulated nodes. Consequently, the application performance, both in response time and in power consumption, is reported realistically in VMNet, as demonstrated by our comparison studies with real sensor networks.
|
 References
|
[1] Atemu, http://www.cshcn.umd.edu/research/atemu/, 2003.
[2] Atmel, http://www.atmel.com/products/avr/, 2005.
[3] K. Bullington, “Radio Propagation Fundamentals,” The Bell System Technical J., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 593-625, 1957.
[4] C.-F. Chiasserini and M. Garetto, “Modeling the Performance of Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2004.
[5] Chipcon, http://www.chipcon.com/, 2005.
[6] Crossbow, http://www.xbow.com/, 2005.
[7] D.E. Culler, J. Hill, P. Buonadonna, R. Szewczyk, and A. Woo, “A Network-Centric Approach to Embedded Software for Tiny Devices,” Proc. ACM Conf. Embedded Systems Software (EMSOFT), 2001.
[8] P. Dutta, M. Grimmer, A. Arora, S. Bibyk, and D. Culler, “Design of a Wireless Sensor Network Platform for Detecting Rare, Random, and Ephemeral Events,” Proc. Conf. Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), 2005.
[9] EmStar, http://cvs.cens.ucla.edu/emstar/, 2005.
[10] L.M. Feeney and M. Nilsson, “Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network Interface in an Ad Hoc Networking Environment,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2001.
[11] L. Girod, J. Elson, A. Cerpa, T. Stathopoulos, N. Ramanathan, and D. Estrin, “EmStar: A Software Environment for Developing and Deploying Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. USENIX Ann. Technical Conf., 2004.
[12] D. Goodman and N. Mandayam, “Power Control for Wireless Data,” IEEE Personal Comm., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 48-54, Apr. 2000.
[13] J-sim, http://www.j-sim.org/, 2005.
[14] J.-F. LaFortune and M. Lecours, “Measurement and Modeling of Propagation Losses in a Building at 900 MHz,” IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 101-108, May 1990.
[15] P. Levis, N. Lee, M. Welsh, and D. Culler, “TOSSIM: Accurate and Scalable Simulation of Entire TinyOS Applications,” Proc. First Int'l Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 2003.
[16] D. Lymberopoulos, Q. Lindsey, and A. Savvides, “An Empirical Analysis of Radio Signal Strength Variability in IEEE 802.15.4 Networks Using Monopole Antennas,” Technical Report ENALAB-050501, Yale Univ., 2005.
[17] A. Mainwaring, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, D. Culler, and J. Anderson, “Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring,” Proc. ACM Int'l Workshop Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, 2002.
[18] S. Madden, M.J. Franklin, J.M. Heller-Stein, and W. Hong, “TAG: A Tiny AGgregation Service for Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks,” Proc. Symp. Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), 2002.
[19] S. Madden, M.J. Franklin, J.M. Hellerstein, and W. Hong, “The Design of an Acquisitional Query Processor for Sensor Networks,” Proc. IEEE SIGMOD, 2003.
[20] P. Stanley-Marbell and M. Hsiao, “Fast, Flexible, Cycle-Accurate Energy Estimation,” Proc. 2001 Int'l Symp. Low Power Electronics and Design, 2001.
[21] ns-2, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/, 2005.
[22] C.E. Perkins, E.M. Belding-Royer, and S. Das, “Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing,” IETF RFC 3561, 2003.
[23] J. Polley, D. Blazakis, J. McGee, D. Rusk, and J.S. Baras, “ATEMU: A Fine-Grained Sensor Network Simulator,” Proc. First IEEE Int'l Conf. Sensor and Ad Hoc Comm. Networks, 2004.
[24] V. Shnayder, M. Hempstead, B. Chen, G.W. Allen, and M. Welsh, “Simulating the Power Consumption of Large-Scale Sensor Network Applications,” Proc. ACM Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2004.
[25] V. Rodoplu and T.H. Meng, “Minimum Energy Mobile Wireless Networks,” IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1333-1344, Aug. 1999.
[26] S.Y. Seidel and T.S. Rapport, “914 MHz Path Loss Prediction Model for Indoor Wireless Communications in Multifloored Buildings,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 207-217, Feb. 1992.
[27] TinyAODV, http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/tinyos/tinyos-1.x/contrib/hsn/, 2003.
[28] TinyDB, http://telegraph.cs.berkeley.edu/tinydb/, 2003.
[29] TinyOS, http://www.tinyos.net/, 2003.
[30] VMNet, http://www.cs.ust.hk/vmnet, 2004.
[31] G. Werner-Allen, P. Swieskowski, and M. Welsh, “MoteLab: A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed,” Proc. IEEE/ACM, IPSN Track on Sensor Platform, Tools and Design Methods for Networked Embedded Systems Conf. (SPOTS), 2005.
[32] E. Witchel and M. Rosenblum, “Embra: Fast and Flexible Machine Simulation,” Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS Conf. Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, 1996.
[33] A. Woo, K. Whitehouse, F. Jiang, J. Polastre, and D. Culler, “The Shadowing Phenomenon: Implications of Receiving during a Collision,” Technical Report CSD-04-1313, Univ. of California, Berkeley, 2004.
[34] Y. Yao and J. Gehrke, “Query Processing in Sensor Networks,” Proc. Conf. Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR), 2003.
[35] J. Zhao and R. Govindan, “Understanding Packet Delivery Performance in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. ACM Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2003.
[36] P. Zheng and L.M. Ni, “EMPOWER: A Network Emulator for Wireless and Wired Networks,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2003.
[37] P. Zheng and L.M. Ni, “Test and Evaluation of Wide Area Networks Using Emulator Cluster,” Proc. Int'l Comm. Conf. (ICC), 2003.
|
 Additional Information
|
Index Terms- Emulation, wireless sensor networks, performance evaluation.
Citation:
Hejun Wu, Qiong Luo, Pei Zheng, Lionel M. Ni,
"VMNet: Realistic Emulation of Wireless Sensor Networks,"
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,
vol. 18,
no. 2,
pp. 277-288,
Feb.,
2007
|
|
RSS Feed